In this chapter, agrochemicals types, source, need, and effects on human health and ecosystem will be discussed along with their alternative options. These chemicals have mainly come into the picture since the introduction of synthetic insecticides in 1940, when organochlorine (OCl) insecticides were first. Moreover, it also promotes the use of biologically originated fertilizers and pesticides via giving equal importance to the local/traditional knowledge and innovative farming techniques. All facets of pesticides are addressed here, including agriculture, agrochemicals, and environmental health aspects, as well as such global issues as food quality and safety. Implementation of sustainable agricultural practices and mitigation measures can prevent the groundwater contamination from these agrochemicals along with high crop yield as well as safeguards to the environmental ecosystems. Resulting from the premier forum for pesticide development and use, this volume provides comprehensive coverage and even captures emerging technologies within the industry. Another way is to adopt the Integrated Pesticide Management program which emphasizes non chemical and cultural pest control strategies such as removal of. The book covers research topics that tackle both improved agricultural production and public health concerns. Groundwater contamination poses several human health problems as it is the main source of safe drinking water. Pesticide Chemistry: Human Welfare and the Environment, Volume I: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships covers the proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry. However, excessive application of agrochemicals is deteriorating the quality of soil as well as groundwater due to the addition of nitrogen, phosphorous, and persistent pesticides. Addition of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has become the fundamental part of today’s agricultural systems to fulfill the huge demand of food grains of the whole world. Modern agriculture has included several innovative ideas to enhance crop production such as the applications of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming. Within a human or animal body, pesticides may be metabolized, excreted, stored, or bioaccumulated in body fat (1, 2, 13). Agriculture has been an important practice to sustain the life-support systems of human civilizations since ancient times. The type of pesticide, the duration and route of exposure, and the individual health status (e.g., nutritional deficiencies and healthy/damaged skin) are determining factors in the possible health outcome.
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